Components

Grammar detail: 〜を〜とする/〜を〜とされる

〜を〜とする/〜を〜とされる  to be determined ~; to be considered ~
206 words
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X + を + Y + とする
means
X is conclusively Y; consider X as Y; treat X as Y, etc.
This expression is often used in contexts where the thing being described is something that has been determined (recently or in the past) such as; guidelines, regulations or outcomes.
In the following example, the entire phrase
むちつじょ
無秩序
どしゃ
土砂
たいせき
堆積
ぼうし
防止
すること (prevention of a disorderly accumulation of earth and sand) is 'X' and
もくてき
目的
(purpose) is 'Y'. So the meaning is 'set prevention of a disorderly accumulation of earth and sand as the purpose'.
ほん
じょうれい
条例
むちつじょ
無秩序
どしゃ
土砂
たいせき
堆積
ぼうし
防止
する
こと
もくてき
目的
としています
The goal of this municipal ordinance is to prevent a disorderly accumulation of earth and sand.
In the following simpler example, バイオ
かがく
化学
(biotech) is 'X' and
きじく
基軸
(yardstick, criterion) is 'Y'. So the meaning is 'use biotech as the yardstick' or 'consider biotech the basis for' or more loosely 'draw on'.
あの
かいしゃ
会社
せいひん
製品
バイオ
かがく
化学
きじく
基軸
している
That company makes its products by drawing on biochemistry.
As in the next example, とする can also be used in contexts where X is commonly considered Y.
どくりつ
独立
いじ
維持
した
エチオピア
こっき
国旗
あか
みどり
はん
アフリカ
いろ
とすることもある
People sometimes consider the red, yellow, and green of the Ethiopian flag to be pan-African colors because Ethiopia maintained independence.
In the passive form "とされる" it is often used to describe that something is a 'given expectation', 'belief', 'law', etc.
にほん
日本
だれ
った
とき
じぎ
辞儀
する
れいぎ
礼儀
される
In Japan, it is proper to bow when you meet someone.
シンガポール
どうろ
道路
つば
はんざい
犯罪
される
In Singapore, it is a crime to spit on the ground.
かさいほけん
火災保険
やっかん
約款
たいふう
台風
による
そんがい
損害
めんせき
免責
されている
A clause in the fire insurance policy says that the insurance won’t cover typhoon damage.
"とされている" is used in the above example to indicate a determined policy, however it can also be used to mean "accredited with" or "attributed to", as demonstrated in the next example sentences.
かれ
その
はつめいしゃ
発明者
されている
He is accredited with the invention.
この
モネ
さく
されている
This painting is attributed to Monet.
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Kanji used in this grammar

ム   ブ   な not   
チツ    regularity   
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ジョ    preface   
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ド   ト   ground; earth   つち ground, earth, soil   
サ   シャ   すな sand   
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タイ    piled high   
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セキ   つ to load, to heap up   つもる to be piled up   
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ボウ   ふせ to protect, to defend (against)   
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シ   とめる to stop   とまる to stop   
ボク   モク   eye   ま-    め    
テキ   まと target   
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カ   ケ   ばける to change   
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ガク   まな to learn   
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キ   もと foundation, basis   もとい cause   
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ジク    an axis   
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ホン   book   もと origin   
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ジョウ    twig   
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レイ   example   たとえる to illustrate, to compare   たとえば for example   
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カイ   エ   あ to meet   
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シャ    company   やしろ Shinto shrine   
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セイ    manufacture; made in ...   
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ヒン    elegance   しな goods   
ドク   ひと alone   
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リツ   リュウ   た to stand   たてる to build   
イ    fiber, rope   
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ジ   も to hold, to have   
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コク   くに country   
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キ   はた flag, banner   
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セキ   シャク   あか    あか red   あからむ to turn red   あからめる to blush   
なかぐろ middle dot   
オウ   コウ   き yellow   
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ロク   リョク   みどり green   
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ハン    pan-   
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ショク   シキ   いろ color   
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ニチ   ジツ   sun; day   ひ    -か    
だれ who   
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ジ   とき time, occasion   
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ジ   やめる quit   
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ギ    ceremony   
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ライ   レイ    thanks, salutation   
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ドウ   トウ   みち road   
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ロ   -じ street   
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ダ   つば saliva   
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ト   は to spit, vomit   
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ハン   crime   おか to commit a crime   
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ザイ   つみ sin   
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カ   fire   ひ    ほ-    
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サイ   わざわ disaster   
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ホ   たも to protect, safeguard   
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ケン   けわしい steep   
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ヤク    promise; approximate   
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カン    goodwill   
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ダイ   タイ    pedestal   
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フ   フウ   かぜ wind   かざ-    
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ソン   そこなう    そこねる to injure, to harm   
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ガイ    damaged, injured   
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メン   まぬかれる to escape, be exempted from   
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セキ   せめる to torture; to blame, accuse   
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ヒ   かれ he   
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ハツ   ホツ    emission, discharge   
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メイ   ミョウ   あかり light   あかるい bright   あかるむ to brighten   あからむ to become luminous (at dawn)   あきらか obvious   あかす to lay bare   あ to open   あける to empty   
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シャ   もの person, someone   
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カイ   エ   picture
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サク   サ   つく to make   
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