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Grammar detail: ここ、そこ、どこ

ここ、そこ、どこ
here, there and where
123 words
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Four of the most useful words in Japanese describe location:
  • ここ here (the place where the speaker is, or a particular point)
  • そこ there (the place where the listener is, or to refer to a place mentioned)
  • あそこ over there (a place where neither the speaker nor the listener is)
  • どこ where
ここ here
ここにいるよ。
I'll be here.
ここで
た
食
べます
。
We'll eat here.
ここに
か
書
いて
くだ
下
さい
。
Write it down here, please.
そこ there
そこにあります。
It's just there.
カバンはそこにあるよ。
Your bag is there.
In this next example we can assume the place 'there' has been mentioned.
そこへ
い
行
く
つもりだ。
I intend to go there.
あそこ there
あそこにひとつありますよ。
There's one over there!
あそこに
たか
高
い
ビルが
み
見
えます
ね。
You see a tall building over there.
どこ where
One of the most common sentence patterns in Japanese is 'where is ~?'. This is expressed with the following pattern:
〇〇はどこですか。
Where is 〇〇?
お
てあら
手洗
い
はどこですか。 useful
Where's the restroom?
どこ is used in a range of other questions to ask about location.
どこで
か
買
いました
か。
Where did you buy it?
この
でんしゃ
電車
はどこに
い
行
きます
か。
Where's this train bound for?
ジョンはどこに
す
住
んでいます
か。
Where does John live?
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Kanji used in this grammar

食
ショク   ジキ    food   たべる to eat   くう to eat   
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書
ショ   かく to write   
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下
カ   ゲ   した below, under   しも bottom part   もと under (influence)   さげる to lower, to reduce   さがる to be lowered   くだる to descend   くだす to judge   くださる to give   おろす to drop off (passenger)   おりる to get off (train)   
行
コウ   ギョウ   アン   ゆく    いく to go   おこなう to take place   
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高
コウ   expensive; high   たか    たかい expensive, tall, high   たかまる to be elevated   たかめる to promote, heighten   
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見
ケン   みる to see   みえる to be seen; to appear   みせる to show   
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〇
circle; zero; placeholder
手
シュ   hand   て    た-    
洗
セン   あらう to wash   
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買
バイ   かう to buy   
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電
デン    electricity   
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車
シャ   くるま car   
住
ジュウ   すむ to live, to dwell   すまう to live (concept)   
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