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Grammar detail: 国民 vs 国家

国民 vs 国家
101 words
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For more on this topic, see the 潤 essay in the Joy o' Kanji essay collection.
こくみん
国民
and
こっか
国家
can both be translated as 'nation' or 'national', as both can be used in contexts referring to the nationwide spread or impact of something. For example, the expression
こくみんけいざい
国民経済
is typically translated as 'national economy'.
However, it's important to note that the two words are not identical. 民 carries the connotation of the 'people', whereas 家 carries the connotation of 'house' or 'dwelling' - i.e., where the people live.
So 国民 is more literally 'the people of the nation' (i.e. citizens), and 国家 corresponds more directly to the English word 'nation' (i.e., the country).
こくみん
国民
こうふく
幸福
せいじ
政治
もくてき
目的
である
National welfare is the end of politics.
かれ
にほん
日本
こくみん
国民
なった
They became citizens of Japan.
こっか
国家
ざいせい
財政
きき
危機
ちょくめん
直面
している

The state faces a financial crisis.
こっか
国家
これ
こうせい
構成
する
こじん
個人
からできている
A state is made up of individuals who compose it.
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Kanji used in this grammar

コク   くに country   
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ミン   たみ people   
カ   ケ   house   いえ    や    
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ケイ   キョウ   へ to elapse   
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サイ   finish   す to be finished   すます to be through with   
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コウ   さち    しあわ    さいわ happiness   
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フク    fortune, blessing   
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セイ   ショウ   まつりごと government   
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ジ   チ   おさめる to govern   おさまる to be at peace   なお to get better   なお to cure   
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ボク   モク   eye   ま-    め    
テキ   まと target   
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ヒ   かれ he   
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ニチ   ジツ   sun; day   ひ    -か    
ホン   book   もと origin   
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ザイ   サイ    money, wealth, property   
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キ   あぶない dangerous   あやぶむ to be apprehensive of   あやうく barely, narrowly; almost   
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キ    machine   はた loom   
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チョク   ジキ    honest; direct   なお to correct   なお to be cured   ただちに immediately   
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メン   おもて mask, features, surface   おも surface   つら face   
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コウ   かまえる to build, set up, get ready   かま to mind, to care about   
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セイ   ジョウ   な to become   な to perform, to accomplish   
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コ    individual   
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ジン   ニン   ひと person   
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