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Grammar detail: adverbs

adverbs
138 words
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In Japanese, there are two main ways to form adverbs.
Making adverbs from い adjectives
replace the
from an
い adjective
with
はや
(quick, fast)
はや
(quickly)
つめ
(cold)
つめ
(coldly)
やさ
(gentle, kind)
やさ
(gently, kindly)
トムとても
はや
およ

Tom swims very fast.
かれ
とし
ので
はや
ある
けない

He is too old to walk quickly.
この
ほん
とても
たの
しく
めます

This book is very enjoyable to read.
Making adverbs from な adjectives
For な adjectives, just add a に instead of a な:
  • しずか quiet ➜ しずかに quietly
  • しんせつ kind ➜ しんせつに kindly
もっと
しず
はな
して
ください
Speak more quietly, please.
Some adverbs are not created from adjectives, and are followed immediately by the verb:
  • たくさん a lot
  • けっこう
    結構
    fairly
  • ぜんぜん
    全然
    not at all
Some adjectives, especially onomatopoeic adverbs, can optionally be followed by と. The と is not essential, but adds a slightly more formal / literary sound:
  • いろいろ (と) variously
  • はっきり (と) clearly
  • ゆっくり (と) slowly
  • しっかり (と) tightly
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Kanji used in this grammar

ソク   はや fast   はやまる be hasty   はやめる to expedite, to hasten   すみやか speedy   
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レイ   つめたい cold   さめる to (become) cool   さます to (make) cool   ひ cold (sake, water)   ひえる to get chilly   ひやす to chill   ひやかす to banter   
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ユウ   すぐれる to excel   やさしい kind   
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ケツ   むす    ゆわえる to bind   ゆ to braid   
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コウ   かまえる to build, set up, get ready   かま to mind, to care about   
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ゼン   まった entirely   すべ everything   
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ゼン   ネン    resemble   
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エイ   およ swim   
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ヒ   かれ he   
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ネン   とし year   
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ホ   フ   ブ   ある    あゆ to walk   
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ホン   book   もと origin   
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ガク   ラク    music   たのしい happy, pleasant   たのしむ to be happy   
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ドク   トク   トウ   よ to read   
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セイ   ジョウ   しず quiet, still   しずまる to become still   しずめる to becalm, to quell   
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ワ   はな to talk   はなし talking   
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