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Grammar detail: verb ろ / ~え form
verb ろ / ~え form - 'command' imperative
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The standard imperative form, sometimes called the 'command imperative' form because it is the most abrupt form of imperative, is made by replacing the る of an
いちだん
一段
verb with ろ, or the last character of a ごだん
五段
verb with the equivalent ~え character.み 見 る | み 見 ろ | look! |
い 行 く | い 行 け | go! |
The irregular verb する becomes しろ.
The negative imperative form is the same for both verb types - just add な to the plain form.
た 食 べる | た 食 べるな | don't eat! |
はし 走 る | はし 走 るな | don't run! |
The imperative form is a staple of manga and yakuza literature, but you are unlikely to encounter it in daily life, and it is not a form you should use yourself without caution!
Exceptions and alternatives
Other shortened forms of verbs are often used in place of this imperative form. One common example is くれ, which is the て stem form (ie, the て form くれて without the て) - this is much more common than the actual imperative form くれろ. For more details see:
abrupt request
See also:
Kanji used in this grammar
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