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Grammar detail: mathematical notation

mathematical notation
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This article shows how to express simple arithmetic as well as more complex mathematical formulas in Japanese.
Arithmetic
When reading out a formula, the operators are read as follows:
+たす
-ひく
xかける
÷わる
=は (read わ)
For example, 3 x 2 = 6 would be read さんかけるにはろく.
More examples:
３に５を
くわ
加
えると８になる。
Add 5 to 3 and you have 8.
じょう
乗
 - to the power of
さん
３
の
さん
３
じょう
乗
は
にじゅうなな
２７
である。
3 to the third power is 27.
Odd and even numbers
ぐ う す う 3
even number  (see also: 奇数)
(click the word for examples and links)
TEST
き す う 2
odd number  (see also: 偶数)
(click the word for examples and links)
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Sequences
と う さ す う れ つ 4
noun
arithmetic progression; arithmetic sequence  (see also: 等差級数; mathematics)
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と う さ き ゅ う す う 4 と う さ き ゅ う す う 6
noun
arithmetic series  (see also: 等差数列)
(click the word for examples and links)
TEST
Fractions and parts
中 can be used to illustrate a part of a whole. For example:
  • ろくにん
    6人
    ちゅう
    中
    ごにん
    5人
    の
    いしゃ
    医者
     five out of six doctors
The most common way to indicate a part of something is X
ぶん
分
の Y. For example:
わたし
私
はケーキを
よんぶん
４分
の
いち
１
た
食
べた。
I ate a quarter of a cake.
Key mathematical terms
し ょ う す う て ん 3
noun
decimal point; radix point
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
TEST
ぶ ん ぼ 1
noun
denominator  (mathematics)
(click the word for examples and links)
TEST
ぶ ん し 1
1. numerator
2. molecule
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
TEST
Note: this article is a work in progress! If you need help with something not covered here, please let us know via the feedback link.
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Kanji used in this grammar

乗
ジョウ   load; power   のる to board   のせる to load on   
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中
チュウ   ジュウ   なか middle   
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人
ジン   ニン   ひと person   
医
イ    doctor   
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者
シャ   もの person, someone   
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分
ブン   ブ   フン   わける to divide, to distinguish   わかる to understand   わかれる to be divided   わかつ to share, distribute   
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加
カ   くわえる to add to   くわわる to join, to be added to   
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私
シ   わたくし    わたし I, myself   
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食
ショク   ジキ    food   たべる to eat   くう to eat   
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