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Grammar detail: Japanese terms for parts of speech
Japanese terms for parts of speech
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The following is a list of Japanese terms for key parts of speech, as well as standard terms for the intent / purpose of a term or grammatical form.
めいし
名詞
nounこゆうめし
固有名詞
proper nounけいしきめいし
形式名詞
nominalizerA nominalizer is a word added to a verb or adjective that turns it into a noun phrase, a very common pattern in Japanese, which contains several nominalizers including の, もの, こと etc. See 形式名詞（けいしきめいし) - nominalizers.
どうし
動詞
verbじょどうし
助動詞
auxiliary verbふくごうどうし
複合動詞
compound verbけいようし
形容詞
adjective; い adjectiveけいようどうし
形容動詞
な adjectiveThe origin of the term 形容動詞, which literally means 'verb adjective', is interesting. Originally, な adjectives emerged through the use of なる (become) to a noun (1) - for example
いだい
偉大
なるかわ
川
. So they were literally 'adjectives formed through addition of a verb'. Over time, 'なる' became just 'な’.れんたいし
連体詞
other (not い or な) adjectiveぜんちし
前置詞
prepositionじしょけい
辞書形
dictionary formThe form that appears in a dictionary. For a verb, this is the plain form of the present tense. For a noun or adjective, it is the uninflected form.
ふつうけい
普通形
plain form(s) of a wordThe plain forms are the 'casual' or 'short' forms. For example, for the verb
た
食
べる (eat), 食べる, 食べた, 食べている etc. are all plain forms.ていねいけい
丁寧形
polite form(s) of a wordふていし
不定詞
infinitive form (dictionary form)かつようけい
活用形
conjugated form of a wordしゅうしけい
終止形
predicative form (any form that can be used at the end of a clause or sentence - typically a plain form)めいれいけい
命令形
imperative formしえきけい
使役形
causative formよだんかつよう
四段活用
classical Japanese verb formじょうけんけい
条件形
conditional formじょすうし
助数詞
counterたいひ
対比
comparisonひてい
否定
negative (also used in a non-linguistic context)うちけし
打消し
negative (used in a linguistics context only)きょうちょう
強調
emphasisかんりゃくか
簡略化
simplification (of a kanji etc.)ひっしゃ
筆者
cursive (form of a kanji)かくにん
確認
confirmationせつめい
説明
explanationでんぶん
伝聞
hearsayもくてき
目的
purposeふかひ
不可避
inevitabilityけいご
敬語
respectful (polite) speechふくじょし
副助詞
adverbial particleSee also:
More information / references
- (1) http://lang-8.com/513709/journals/319302786637634335903230695525814963962 ⇗
Kanji used in this grammar
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