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JAPANESE TERMS FOR PARTS OF SPEECHJAPANESE TERMS...

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Grammar detail: Japanese terms for parts of speech

Japanese terms for parts of speech

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The following is a list of Japanese terms for key parts of speech, as well as standard terms for the intent / purpose of a term or grammatical form.

めいし

noun

こゆうめし

proper noun

どうし

verb

じょどうし

auxiliary verb

ふくごうどうし

compound verb

けいようし

adjective; い adjective

けいようどうし

な adjective

The origin of the term 形容動詞, which literally means 'verb adjective', is interesting. Originally, な adjectives emerged through the use of なる (become) to a noun (1) - for example

いだい

なる

かわ

. So they were literally 'adjectives formed through addition of a verb'. Over time, 'なる' became just 'な’.

れんたいし

other (not い or な) adjective

ぜんちし

preposition

じしょけい

dictionary form

The form that appears in a dictionary. For a verb, this is the plain form of the present tense. For a noun or adjective, it is the uninflected form.

ふつうけい

plain form(s) of a word

The plain forms are the 'casual' or 'short' forms. For example, for the verb

た

べる (eat), 食べる, 食べた, 食べている etc. are all plain forms.

ていねいけい

polite form(s) of a word

かつようけい

conjugated form of a word

しゅうしけい

predicative form

めいれいけい

imperative form

しえきけい

causative form

よだんかつよう

classical Japanese verb form

じょうけんけい

conditional form

じょすうし

counter

たいひ

comparison

ひてい

negative

きょうちょう

emphasis

かんりゃくか

simplification (of a kanji etc.)

ひっしゃ

cursive (form of a kanji)

かくにん

confirmation

せつめい

explanation

でんぶん

hearsay

もくてき

purpose

ふかひ

inevitability

けいご

respectful (polite) speech

ふくじょし

adverbial particle

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See also:

Japanese verbs and verb conjugation

More information / references:

(1) http://lang-8.com/513709/journals/319302786637634335903230695525814963962 ⇗

Kanji used in this grammar

名

メイミョウな name

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1

詞

シ part of speech, words, poetry

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4

固

コかたい hard かたまる to harden かためる to make hard

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4

有

ユウウある to possess; to exist

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2

動

ドウうごく to move, to stir うごかす to shift, to move

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2

助

ジョすけ help たすける to help, save たすかる to be helped

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3

複

フク double, multiple

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4

合

ゴウガッカッあう to fit, come together あわす to match あわせる to unite, join

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3

形

ケイギョウ shape かたちかた

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3

容

ヨウ contents

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3

偉

イえらい illustrious, famous

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3

大

ダイタイおおきい big おおいに very much おお-

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1

川

センかわ river

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1

連

レンつれる to take, to lead つらねる to line up つらなる to extend

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3

体

タイテイからだ body

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2

前

ゼンまえ before

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1

置

チおく to put

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3

辞

ジやめる quit

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3

書

ショかく to write

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1

普

フ universal, generally

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4

通

ツツウとおる to pass through とおす to let pass かよう to commute

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2

食

ショクジキ food たべる to eat くう to eat

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1

丁

チョウテイ a (city) block; counter for long/narrow things, blocks of tofu

5

寧

ネイ preferable, rather; peaceful, quiet

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5

活

カツ activity, resuscitation

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3

用

ヨウもちいる to use

2

終

シュウ end おわる to come to an end おえる to bring to an end

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2

止

シとめる to stop とまる to stop

2

命

メイミョウ fate, life いのち life

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3

令

レイ order

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4

使

シつかう to use

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2

役

ヤクエキ office, role; service

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3

四

シ four よよつよっつよん

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1

段

ダン grade, step, stairs

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3

条

ジョウ twig

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5

件

ケン affair, matter

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3

数

スウスかず number かぞえる to count

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3

対

タイツイ vis-a-vis

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3

比

ヒくらべる to compare

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4

否

ヒいな no

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3

定

テイジョウ determined さだか decidedly, truly さだめる to decide, determine さだまる to be determined

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3

強

キョウゴウつよい strong つよまる to get stronger つよめる to strengthen しいる to compel, to force

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2

調

チョウしらべる to investigate ととのう to be arranged, to be in order ととのえる to adjust, tune

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3

簡

カン simplicity

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4

略

リャク abbreviation

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4

化

カケばける to change

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3

筆

ヒツふで writing brush

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4

者

シャもの person, someone

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2

確

カクたしか certain たしかめる to make certain

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3

認

ニンみとめる to recognize, to perceive, to approve of

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3

説

セツゼイとく to explain, persuade

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3

明

メイミョウあかり light あかるい bright あかるむ to brighten あからむ to become luminous (at dawn) あきらか obvious あかす to lay bare あく to open あける to empty

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2

伝

デンつたえる to tell, transmit つたわる to be handed down つたう to go along

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3

聞

ブンモンきく to listen, to hear きこえる to be heard

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1

目

ボクモク eye ま- め

2

的

テキまと target

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2

不

フブ not

2

可

カ good, possible, approval

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2

避

ヒさける to avoid

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5

敬

ケイうやまう to respect, revere

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4

語

ゴかたる to talk, relate かたらう to talk together, chat

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1

副

フク assistant

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4

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