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Point of interest: 妖怪 vs 怪物

POI
妖怪 vs 怪物
specters and spectres
233 words
For more on this topic, see the 妖 essay in the Joy o' Kanji essay collection.
よ う か い 0
noun
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon; monster; goblin
(click the word for examples and links)
か い ぶ つ 0
noun
monster
(click the word for examples and links)
妖怪 and 怪物 both mean 'monster'. However, 妖怪 represents a literal monster, whereas 怪物 can be used to refer to a figurative monster, i.e. someone whose behavior is inhuman. For example, some book titles refer to Japanese leaders from World War II as 怪物, reflecting the authors' portrayals of them as villains.
It's also common to use the term 怪物 positively, as when saying that baseball players have superhuman abilities. For example, legendary baseball pitcher
えがわ
江川
すぐる
卓
was so good that people nicknamed him
しょうわ
昭和
の
かいぶつ
怪物
, monster (pitcher) of the Showa (era). That era ran from 1926 to 1989, and he played until 1987.
So in this sentence, since we are talking about a figurative monster not a literal one, 怪物 is appropriate rather than 妖怪:
いっぴき
一匹
の
かいぶつ
怪物
がヨーロッパを
はいかい
徘徊
している
。
きょうさんしゅぎ
共産主義
という
かいぶつ
怪物
が。
A specter is haunting Europe―the specter of communism.
Note that the same sentence using 妖怪 often appears in collections of Japanese sentences. Although it's not 'wrong' per se, it conveys an image of a King Kong like monster stalking Europe rather than the figurative shadow of communism. This form usually uses the word 'spectre' (the English spelling) rather than 'specter' (the American spelling), so perhaps it can be traced to a wartime Japanese translator from England!
いっぴき
一匹
の
ようかい
妖怪
がヨーロッパを
はいかい
徘徊
している
。
きょうさん
共産
しゅぎ
主義
という
ようかい
妖怪
が。
A spectre is haunting Europe — the spectre of communism.
Incidentally, 妖怪 also differs from 怪物 in that 妖怪 sounds more Japanese, whereas 怪物 could represent a Chinese or Western monster.
Note that for monsters, the counter
ひき
匹
works, as does
とう
頭
. People also use those for animals.

Kanji used in this point of interest

妖
ヨウ    bewitching   あやしい suspicious-looking, dubious   
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怪
カイ   ケ   skeptical   あやしい suspicious-looking, dubious   あやしむ to be skeptical, to doubt   
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物
ブツ   モツ   もの thing   
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江
コウ   え stream, creek   
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川
セン   かわ river   
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卓
タク    superior; table   
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昭
ショウ    bright, clear   
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和
ワ   オ    peace, harmony   なごむ to be calmed down   なごやか calm, gentle   やわらぐ to be softened   やわらげる to soften; to alleviate   
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匹
ヒツ   ひき counter for animals   
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頭
トウ   ト   ズ   あたま    かしら head   
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一
イチ   イツ   ひとつ    ひと- one   
徘
ハイ   さまよう to wander about   
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徊
カイ   さまよう to wander about   
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共
キョウ   とも together   
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産
サン    giving birth; products   うむ to give birth to   うまれる to be born   うぶ- newborn   
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主
シュ   ス   master   ぬし landlord   おも main   
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義
ギ    honour   
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