Components
MY AVERAGE MASTERY
(for words visible)
95 partial word matches found in search '抗生物質がなかったなら、医学はこんなに目覚しい進歩を遂げなかったであろう。'
5
antibiotic; antibiotics
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1
prefix
anti-
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1
1. living things; creature
noun
2. biology  (see also: 生物学; abbreviation)
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'no' adjective, 'na' adjective, noun, noun (prefix)
1. raw; uncooked; fresh
2. natural; as it is; unedited; unprocessed
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2
noun
raw food; perishables
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noun, noun (suffix)
area of thick growth (of trees, grass, etc.)  (see also: 芝生)
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noun
boiled and half-dried bonito  (see also: 生り節; often written with kana only; abbreviation)
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1
noun
1. life; living
noun, noun (suffix)
2. I; me; myself  (male term or language; humble; this meaning is restricted to reading せい)
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1
noun, prefix
pure; undiluted; raw; crude
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prefix
vital; virile; lively  (archaic)
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1
Most common form:
1. innocent; naive; unsophisticated; inexperienced; green; wet behind the ears  (esp. 初, 初心; often written with kana only)
noun (prefix)
2. birth-  (産, 生)
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0
noun
1. material; substance
2. matter  (physics terminology)
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noun
1. stock; products
2. stolen goods; loot; spoils  (often written with kana only; slang)
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3 2 0
Most common form: もの
noun
1. thing; object; article; stuff; substance
2. one's things; possessions; property; belongings  (as 〜のもの, 〜のもん)
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0 2
noun, noun (suffix)
quality
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2
noun
collateral; pledge; pawned article  (see also: 質に入れる)
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noun
quality; nature (of person)
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particle
1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
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noun
moth
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particle
1. particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.)  (see also: もがな; at sentence-end)
2. emphatic particle  (at sentence-end; colloquialism)
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particle
1. (sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis
2. (used with masu stem verb) command  (from なさい; abbreviation)
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. inside; in
2. among; within
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. name; given name
2. title
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1
noun
relation; relationship
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. greens; vegetables
2. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
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particle
1. indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)  (was written as 歟, used at sentence-end)
2. or; whether or not  (after each alternative)
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0
Most common form:
noun
mosquito
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. lesson
2. section (in an organization); division; department
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. addition; increase
2. Canada  (see also: 加奈陀; abbreviation)
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Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. department; section; faculty; school; arm
2. course (of study); branch of study; specialization
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Most common form:
noun
rack; mount; stand
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Most common form: かッ
prefix
very  (see also: 掻き; adds strength or emphasis to verbs, from 掻き)
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auxiliary verb
1. indicate past completed or action  (see also: ; だ after certain verb forms)
2. indicates light imperative  (see also: )
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0
noun
1. shelf; shelves; ledge; rack
2. trellis
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1
Most common form:
adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi), noun, 'no' adjective
other (esp. people and abstract matters)
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1
Most common form:
noun, prefix
multi-
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1
auxiliary
1. if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that  (hypothetical form of the copula だ, from なり and sometimes classed as a particle)
2. as for; on the topic of  (this meaning is restricted to reading なら)
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Most common form:
suffix
1. and others; and the like; and followers; et al.; pluralizing suffix  (often written with kana only)
2. or so  (see also: あちら, いくら; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; often written with kana only)
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1
noun
medical science; medicine
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1
noun, noun (suffix)
medicine; the healing art; healing; curing; doctor
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2
Most common form: 医師
noun
doctor  (archaic)
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1 0
suffix
1. -ology; -ics; study of ...
noun
2. learning; scholarship; erudition; knowledge
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particle
1. topic marker particle  (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
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0
noun
1. box; case; chest; package; pack
2. car (of a train, etc.)
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1
Most common form:
noun
tooth
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0
Most common form:
noun
leaf
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
clique; faction; school
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. edge (of a knife or sword)
2. prong (of an electrical plug)
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1 0
Most common form: はあ
interjection (kandoushi)
1. yes; indeed; well
2. ha!
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0
such (about something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or about ideas expressed by the speaker); like this  (see also: あんな, そんな, どんな)
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0 4
so; like this; in this way  (see also: こんな)
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1. with a bump; with a clunk  (see also: こつんと; onomatopoeic or mimetic word)
2. yelp (e.g. of a fox); bark; howl  (onomatopoeic or mimetic word)
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Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. child
2. young (animal)  (see also: )
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1
Most common form:
counter
1. counter for articles
2. counter for military units  (usu. 個)
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1
noun
navy blue; deep blue
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Most common form: っこ
suffix
1. doing; in such a state  (see also: 慣れっこ, ぺちゃんこ; abbreviation)
2. doing together; contest; match  (see also: 睨めっこ)
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1
Most common form:
noun
arc
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Most common form: んと
interjection (kandoushi)
1. yes; yeah; uh huh  (see also: うん)
2. huh?; what?
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Most common form:
particle
1. indicates possessive  (see also: ; occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
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Most common form:
noun (prefix)
some (at the start of a number in place of a digit)
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0
Most common form: そんな
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of  (see also: あんな, こんな, どんな)
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1
Most common form:
1. what
prefix
2. how many  (see also: 何か月; followed by a counter)
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particle
1. at (place, time); in; on; during
2. to (direction, state); toward; into
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1
Most common form:
numeric
two  (ふ and ふう used mainly when counting aloud. 弐, 貳 and 貮 are used in legal documents.)
(click the word to view an additional 5 forms, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
1. load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods
2. burden; responsibility
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1
Most common form:
noun
red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion
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1
noun
1. eye; eyeball
2. eyesight; sight; vision  (see also: 目が見える)
(click the word to view an additional 6 meanings and 2 forms, useful expressions, examples and links)
1
noun
1. order  (biology term)
2. item (of a budget revision, etc.)
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2
noun
1. alarm clock  (abbreviation)
2. opening one's eyes; keeping one's eyes open
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4
Most common form: 目覚ましい
brilliant; splendid; striking; remarkable
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noun
Satori; folklore monster that can read minds  (see also: 悟る; often written with kana only)
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particle, conjunction
(at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons
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1
interjection (kandoushi)
1. shh! (used to silence someone); sh!  (see also: しっ)
2. shoo! (used to drive off an approaching animal, etc.)  (see also: しっ)
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1
Most common form:
numeric
four  (肆 is used in legal documents)
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. death; decease
2. death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation)  (see also: 五刑; archaic)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
0
Most common form:
noun
poem; verse of poetry
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
city
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1
Most common form:
noun (suffix), noun
history
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Most common form:
noun (suffix), counter
magazine  (see also: 雑誌; abbreviation)
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1
Most common form:
noun
official; civil service
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particle
strengthens a question, assertion, etc.  (see also: かい, ぞい, だい, わい; familiar language)
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. stomach
2. Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)  (see also: 胃宿, 白虎; astronomy, etc. term)
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
Most common form:
noun
well
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
medicine; the healing art; healing; curing; doctor
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Most common form:
greatness
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Most common form:
counter
1. rank; place (e.g. first place)
2. decimal place
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1
progress; advance; improvement; development  (opposite: 退歩)
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0
noun
pawn  (see also: 歩兵; shogi term; abbreviation)
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1
noun
1. step; stride
2. counter for steps
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0
noun
1. unit of land measurement; 3.95 square yards; 3.31 square metres (meters)
2. stage; step; level
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3
Most common form: あゆみ
noun
1. walking
2. progress; advance
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Most common form: 徒歩
noun
1. foot soldier (Edo period); samurai on foot
2. going on foot; walking  (see also: 徒歩; archaic; this meaning is restricted to form 徒, 徒歩, 歩, 歩行)
(click the word to view an additional 4 forms, examples and links)
0
particle
1. indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
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Most common form:
1. end; final
2. end of life; death
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