Components
研ぎ澄ます is an exact match with one form of the following word:
研ぎすます
BOOST
Reading : とぎすます   
'su' godan verb, transitive verb
to sharpen; to grind; to whet; to hone; to make keen  (see also: 研ぎ澄ませる)
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My current mastery of 研ぎすます:
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My flashcards:
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Usefulness and usage:
Kanshudo usefulness level: 9 (among the 50,000 most useful words in Japanese)
• Kanshudo usefulness level is based on a usefulness score of 46,828 which gives a rank of 36,690
研ぎすます is the most useful form. 2 additional forms are shown below.
• This form is used about 50% of the time
• Google Japan frequency rank: 183,000 (about 383,000 results)
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Example sentences:
ここいるいやでも
かんかく
感覚
まされる

I can't help but feel that when I come here, all my senses are sharper than usual.
みかく
味覚
ます
fragment, headline etc.
sharpening your sense of taste
ちょうかく
聴覚
ます
fragment, headline etc.
sharpening your sense of hearing
研ぎ澄ます
BOOST
Reading : とぎすます   
研ぎ澄ます and 研ぎ澄ませる are identical in meaning. Note that 研ぎ澄ませる is the potential form of 研ぎ澄ます, so context is needed to determine which is being used. See: https://mainichi-kotoba.jp/enq-072 ⇗.
My flashcards:
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Usefulness and usage:
• This form is used about 40% of the time
• Google Japan frequency rank: 192,000 (about 319,000 results)
• This form appears in the 24,000 words in the Mainichi Shimbun frequency analysis by Alexandre Girardi
• This form is in band 41 in the EDICT word frequency file (bands go from 1-48, where 1 is most common - each contains about 500 words)
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研澄ます
BOOST
Reading : とぎすます   
My flashcards:
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Usefulness and usage:
• This form is used about 10% of the time
• Google Japan frequency rank: 233,000 (about 61,700 results)
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ケン   と to sharpen, to whet   
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start, initiate   
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イチ   イツ   ひと    ひと- one   
twenty; two hands   
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ジュウ   ジッ   と    とお ten   
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stick   
セキ   シャク   コク   いし stone   
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whereupon one
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katakana 'no'; whereupon; splitting away from
コウ   ク   くち mouth   
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チョウ   す to become clear   すます to make clear    
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トウ   ト   のぼ to climb   
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トウ   ズ   まめ bean   
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grass   
hairy legs
スイ   みず water   
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