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Grammar detail: particle に

particle に  location marker
125 words
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place
+
means
at; in; on (indicating location)
Particle に can be used with a place to show where something exists or happens. When used like this it functions like "at", "in" or "on" in English.
に comes after the place. It is often used with the verbs あります/ある (for things) and います/いる (for people and animals). These verbs mean “to exist” or “there is/are.”
だいどころ
台所
あります
It is in the kitchen.
としょかん
図書館
かい
あります
The library is on the second floor.
わたし
いま
くうこう
空港
います
I'm at the airport now.
ちち
いえ
いる
My father is in.
に is also often used with location words.
なか
inside 
そと
outside
まえ
in front of 
うしろ
behind
うえ
on top of; above 
した
under
みぎ
on the right 
ひだり
on the left
となりにnext to 
あいだ
in between
When used with these words, に is required to mark the location.
はこ
なか
にんぎょう
人形
はい
っている

There is a doll in the box.
いえ
まえ
じてんしゃあります
There is a bicycle in front of the house.
かれ
した
すわ
った

They sat under a tree.
テーブル
うえ
ほん
あります
There is a book on the table.
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Kanji used in this grammar

チュウ   ジュウ   なか middle   
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ガイ   ゲ   そと outside   ほか other   はず to remove, mislead   はずれる to come off, to miss   
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ゼン   まえ before   
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ゴ   コウ   のち    あと afterwards   うし behind   おくれる be late   
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ジョウ   ショウ   うえ above   うわ- above   あげる to raise   あがる to rise   かみ first half, upper part   のぼ to climb   のぼせる to bring up, to raise   のぼ to bring up   
カ   ゲ   した below, under   しも bottom part   もと under (influence)   さげる to lower, to reduce   さがる to be lowered   くだ to descend   くだ to judge   くださる to give   おろす to drop off (passenger)   おりる to get off (train)   
ウ   ユウ   みぎ right   
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サ   ひだり left   
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カン   ケン   あいだ interval, between   ま space, room   
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ダイ   タイ    pedestal   
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ショ   ところ place   
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ト   ズ   はか to map, plan   
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ショ   か to write   
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カン    building   やかた castle, mansion   
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カイ    floor   
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シ   わたくし    わたし I, myself   
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コン   キン   いま now   
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クウ   から empty   あ to be empty   あける to empty, vacate   そら sky   
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コウ   みなと harbour, port   
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フ   ちち father   
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カ   ケ   house   いえ    や    
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はこ box   
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ジン   ニン   ひと person   
ケイ   ギョウ   shape   かたち    かた    
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ニュウ   い to enter   はい to enter   いれる to put in   
ヒ   かれ he   
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モク   ボク   き    こ- tree   
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ザ   すわ to sit   
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ホン   book   もと origin   
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