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Grammar detail: particle に

particle に
location marker
125 words
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place
+
に
means
at; in; on (indicating location)
Particle に can be used with a place to show where something exists or happens. When used like this it functions like "at", "in" or "on" in English.
に comes after the place. It is often used with the verbs あります/ある (for things) and います/いる (for people and animals). These verbs mean “to exist” or “there is/are.”
だいどころ
台所
にあります。
It is in the kitchen.
としょかん
図書館
は2
かい
階
にあります。
The library is on the second floor.
わたし
私
は
いま
今
くうこう
空港
にいます。
I'm at the airport now.
ちち
父
は
いえ
家
にいる。
My father is in.
に is also often used with location words.
なか
中
に
inside 
そと
外
に
outside
まえ
前
に
in front of 
うしろ
後
に
behind
うえ
上
に
on top of; above 
した
下
に
under
みぎ
右
に
on the right 
ひだり
左
に
on the left
となりにnext to 
あいだ
間
に
in between
When used with these words, に is required to mark the location.
はこ
箱
の
なか
中
に
にんぎょう
人形
が
はい
入
っている
。
There is a doll in the box.
いえの
まえ
前
にじてんしゃがあります。
There is a bicycle in front of the house.
かれ
彼
ら
は
き
木
の
した
下
に
すわ
座
った
。
They sat under a tree.
テーブルの
うえ
上
に
ほん
本
があります。
There is a book on the table.
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Kanji used in this grammar

中
チュウ   ジュウ   なか middle   
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外
ガイ   ゲ   そと outside   ほか other   はずす to remove, mislead   はずれる to come off, to miss   
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前
ゼン   まえ before   
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後
ゴ   コウ   のち    あと afterwards   うしろ behind   おくれる be late   
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上
ジョウ   ショウ   うえ above   うわ- above   あげる to raise   あがる to rise   かみ first half, upper part   のぼる to climb   のぼせる to bring up, to raise   のぼす to bring up   
下
カ   ゲ   した below, under   しも bottom part   もと under (influence)   さげる to lower, to reduce   さがる to be lowered   くだる to descend   くだす to judge   くださる to give   おろす to drop off (passenger)   おりる to get off (train)   
右
ウ   ユウ   みぎ right   
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左
サ   ひだり left   
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間
カン   ケン   あいだ interval, between   ま space, room   
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台
ダイ   タイ    pedestal   
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所
ショ   ところ place   
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図
ト   ズ   はかる to map, plan   
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書
ショ   かく to write   
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館
カン    building   やかた castle, mansion   
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階
カイ    floor   
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私
シ   わたくし    わたし I, myself   
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今
コン   キン   いま now   
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空
クウ   から empty   あく to be empty   あける to empty, vacate   そら sky   
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港
コウ   みなと harbour, port   
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父
フ   ちち father   
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家
カ   ケ   house   いえ    や    
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箱
はこ box   
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人
ジン   ニン   ひと person   
形
ケイ   ギョウ   shape   かたち    かた    
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入
ニュウ   いる to enter   はいる to enter   いれる to put in   
彼
ヒ   かれ he   
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木
モク   ボク   き    こ- tree   
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座
ザ   すわる to sit   
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本
ホン   book   もと origin   
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