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Grammar detail: Godan 五段 (ごだん) 'う' form verbs
Godan 五段 (ごだん) 'う' form verbs
My current mastery of this grammar:
The most common five forms of godan verbs use each of the five Japanese vowel sounds (あ, い, う, え, お) - hence 'five' level - combined with whatever consonant begins the final sound of the plain form. Using
か
く (to write) as an example, the consonant is 'k' (from く):| Vowel sound | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| あ | negative | かかない |
| い | masu | かきます |
| う | plain | かく |
| え | conditional | かける |
| お | volitional | かこう |
Godan exceptions
A small number of verbs ending in る are godan verbs even though their plain form appears to classify them as ichidan. (In other words,
はい
る becomes はい
ります.)There is no rule which determines whether verbs ending in る are ichidan or godan, so it is best to memorize the exceptions below.
See also:
- Japanese verbs and verb conjugation
Kanji used in this grammar
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