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Grammar detail: Godan 五段(ごだん)'う' form verbs
Godan 五段(ごだん)'う' form verbs
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My current mastery of this grammar:
The most common five forms of godan verbs use each of the five Japanese vowel sounds (あ, い, う, え, お) - hence 'five' level - combined with whatever consonant begins the final sound of the plain form. Using
か
書
く (to write) as an example, the consonant is 'k' (from く):Vowel sound | Form | Example |
---|---|---|
あ | negative | かかない |
い | masu | かきます |
う | plain | かく |
え | conditional | かける |
お | volitional | かこう |
Godan exceptions
A small number of verbs ending in る are godan verbs even though their plain form appears to classify them as ichidan. (In other words,
はい
入
る becomes はい
入
ります.)There is no rule which determines whether verbs ending in る are ichidan or godan, so it is best to memorize the exceptions below.
はい 入 る | to enter |
はし 走 る | to run |
い 要 る | to need |
かえ 帰 る | to return |
かぎ 限 る | to limit |
き 切 る | to cut |
しゃべ 喋 る | to chatter |
し 知 る | to know |
See also:
Kanji used in this grammar
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