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Grammar detail: use a verb as an adjective

use a verb as an adjective
105 words
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Plain forms of verbs can be used as adjectives: they are placed immediately before the noun they modify.
present
じぶん
自分
ひとり
一人
で
い
生
きられる
ひと
人
はいない。
No man can live for himself.
present progressive
あそこに
た
立
っている
ひと
人
は
わたし
私
の
ちち
父
です。
The man who is standing there is my father.
negative
がくせい
学生
じゃない
ひと
人
は、
がっこう
学校
に
はい
入
ってはいけません
。
People who are not students must not enter the school.
past
ゆうじん
友人
は
かいがい
海外
で
か
買
ってきた
にんぎょう
人形
を
ぜんぶ
全部
み
見
せてくれた
。
A friend of mine showed me all the dolls he had bought abroad.
Since a clause almost always ends with a verb, this concept enables you to 'chain' clauses together to form very complex sentences. It is one of the most powerful and useful aspects of Japanese grammar, but it can also be one of the most difficult for learners. It leads to an extremely logical word order, with each concept neatly encapsulated by the ones that follow, but the resulting word order is often very difficult to the equivalent English.
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Kanji used in this grammar

自
ジ   シ   みずから self   
分
ブン   ブ   フン   わける to divide, to distinguish   わかる to understand   わかれる to be divided   わかつ to share, distribute   
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一
イチ   イツ   ひとつ    ひと- one   
人
ジン   ニン   ひと person   
生
セイ   ショウ    life   なま raw   いかす to enliven   いきる to live   いける to arrange flowers   うまれる to be born   うむ to give birth to   き pure, undiluted   おう to grow, to sprout   はえる to grow, to sprout   はやす to grow, cultivate   
立
リツ   リュウ   たつ to stand   たてる to build   
私
シ   わたくし    わたし I, myself   
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父
フ   ちち father   
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学
ガク   まなぶ to learn   
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校
コウ    exam   
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入
ニュウ   いる to enter   はいる to enter   いれる to put in   
友
ユウ   とも friend   
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海
カイ   うみ ocean   
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外
ガイ   ゲ   そと outside   ほか other   はずす to remove, mislead   はずれる to come off, to miss   
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買
バイ   かう to buy   
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形
ケイ   ギョウ   shape   かたち    かた    
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全
ゼン   まったく entirely   すべて everything   
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部
ブ   part
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見
ケン   みる to see   みえる to be seen; to appear   みせる to show   
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