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Grammar detail: particle し

particle し  and
196 words
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The particle し is used to link multiple states into a list, with the suggestion the list is incomplete. It is very similar to や, but where や is only used for nouns, し can also be used for adjectives or relative clauses. It is often used when each clause describes a state of being.
noun + (です or だ) + し
かれ
しょうねん
少年
いっしょ
一緒
うまくやっていける
おも

They are nice boys and I am sure you will get on with them very well.
な adjective + (です or だ) + し
かのじょ
彼女
ねっしん
熱心
です
しんらい
信頼
できるから
まか
せましょう

She's passionate and I trust her, so let's leave it in her hands.
い adjective + し
あなたかわいい
しんせつ
親切
です
You are both pretty and kind.
verb plain or ます form + し
えいご
英語
きな
せいと
生徒
いる
ぶつり
物理
きな
せいと
生徒
いる
Some students like English, and others like physics.
わたし
ちち
たばこ
煙草
わない
さけ
まない

My father neither smokes nor drinks.
The stem form of する is also し. However, In this usage, し is functioning as a particle, so it can follow the verb する:
ずつう
頭痛
するせきでも
くる
しんでいます

I have a headache and I am suffering from a cough.
し, the stem form of the verb する, is sometimes used similarily to して, simply functioning to join the next phrase, as opposed to delineating elements in a list. Typically this would also be translated with 'and', however, so the meaning is not usually ambiguous. Consider the following, for example:
ちち
しつぎょう
失業
さらに
わる
こと
はは
びょうき
病気
なってしまった
Father has lost his job, and what's worse, Mother has fallen ill.
Note that the subject of each clause must be marked with は, not が, because the use of し makes it possible for the clauses to have different subjects.
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Kanji used in this grammar

ヒ   かれ he   
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リョウ   よ good   
ショウ   すこ a little   すくない few   
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ネン   とし year   
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イチ   イツ   ひと    ひと- one   
ショ   チョ   お strap, thong   
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シ   おも to think   
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ジョ   ニョ   ニョウ   woman; female   おんな woman   め woman   
ネツ   あつ hot   
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シン   こころ heart   
シン    trust, faith   
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ライ   たよ to rely (on)   たのもしい reliable   たの to ask(for), entrust   
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ニン    responsibility   まか    まかせる to entrust (to)   
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シン   おや parent   したしい close, intimate   したしむ to befriend, grow close to   
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セツ   サイ   き to cut   きれる to break, to snap   
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エイ    England; hero; flower   
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ゴ   かた to talk, relate   かたらう to talk together, chat   
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コウ   この    す to like   
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セイ   ショウ    life   なま raw   いかす to enliven   いきる to live   いける to arrange flowers   うまれる to be born   う to give birth to   き pure, undiluted   お to grow, to sprout   はえる to grow, to sprout   はやす to grow, cultivate   
ト    junior   
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ブツ   モツ   もの thing   
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リ    logic   
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シ   わたくし    わたし I, myself   
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フ   ちち father   
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エン   けむり smoke   けむ to smoke (chimney etc.)   けむ smoky   
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ソウ   くさ grass   
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キュウ   す to suck, inhale   
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シュ   さけ    さか- sake   
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イン   の to drink   
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トウ   ト   ズ   あたま    かしら head   
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ツウ   いた painful   いた to hurt, be painful   いためる to hurt, damage   
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ク   くるしい painful   くるしむ to suffer   くるしめる to torment   にが bitter   にが to feel bitter   
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シツ   うしな to lose   
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ギョウ   ゴウ    profession, business, industry   わざ deed, act   
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アク   オ   わる bad   
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ボ   はは mother   
ヘイ   ビョウ   やまい illness   や to fall ill   
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キ   ケ    spirit   
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