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Grammar detail: な adjectives

な adjectives
349 words
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In Japanese, adjectives directly modify nouns, or describe a noun. There are two types of adjectives: い adjectives and な adjectives. Here, we explain な adjectives.
Many な-adjectives are historically or grammatically closer to nouns than to true adjectives. To describe a noun directly, when using な-adjectives な must be placed after the adjective and before the noun.
な-adjective before a noun:
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
a quiet room
ゆうめい
有名
な
ひと
人
a famous person
Or you can use it at the end of a sentence:
この
へや
部屋
は
しず
静
かです。
This house is big.
あの
ひと
人
は
ゆうめい
有名
です。
That person is famous.
な Adjective Forms - Negative; Past; Past Negative
な adjectives are not modified, and to express is / is not, and was / was not, the verb です and its variations are used. So for example:
Plain formPolite formMeaning
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
だ
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
です
a quiet room
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
ではない
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
ではありません
not a quiet room
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
だった
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
でした
was a quiet room
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
ではなかった・じゃなかった
しず
静
か な
へや
部屋
ではありませんでした
was not a quiet room
な adjective exceptions
Some な adjectives end in い - so although they look like い adjectives, they behave like な adjectives. These exceptions are easy to spot when they are written in kanji, but some common ones often appear in hiragana and just have to be memorized, such as:
  • きれい attractive; clean
  • ゆうめい
    有名
    famous
  • きら
    嫌
    い dislike/hate
Example Sentences
きれいなドレスですね。
That's a pretty dress you have on.
あの
いえ
家
は
ゆうめい
有名
です。
That house is famous.
わたし
私
は
すうがく
数学
が
とくい
得意
でした。
I was good at math.
ぼくはすごく
げんき
元気
だ。
I'm feeling fit.
このテーブルはきれいじゃない。
This table isn't clean.
その
かわ
川
はあまりきれいではなかった。
The river was not so clean.
In Japanese
す
好
き is a な Adjective
好き is a な-adjective that means “liked” or “fond.” It describes the thing or person you feel positively about.
It is typically used in the structure: Noun + が + 好きです - “I like (noun).”
While this expression often translates to English "I like...", 好き is not a verb. This is why が is used to mark the thing you like.
わたし
私
は
ふゆ
冬
が
す
好
き
です。
I like winter.
わたし
私
はロックが
す
好
き
です。
I love rock.
わたし
私
は
はる
春
が
す
好
き
ではない。
I do not like spring.
わたし
私
はお
ちゃ
茶
が
す
好
き
じゃない。
I don't care for green tea.
すき
好
きな + noun
すき
好
きな + noun is a commonly used expression to say one's "favorite (thing)" or "the (thing) I like".
わたし
私
の
だいす
大好
きな
おんがく
音楽
はポップミュージックだ。
My favorite music is pop music.
ピザは
わたし
私
の
だいす
大好
きな
た
食
べ
もの
物
です。
Pizza is my favorite food.
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Kanji used in this grammar

静
セイ   ジョウ   しずか quiet, still   しずまる to become still   しずめる to becalm, to quell   
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部
ブ   part
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屋
オク   や roof   
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有
ユウ   ウ   ある to possess; to exist   
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名
メイ   ミョウ   な name   
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人
ジン   ニン   ひと person   
・
なかぐろ middle dot   
嫌
ケン   ゲン   いや disagreeable   きらう to dislike   
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好
コウ   このむ    すく to like   
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家
カ   ケ   house   いえ    や    
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私
シ   わたくし    わたし I, myself   
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数
スウ   ス   かず number   かぞえる to count   
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学
ガク   まなぶ to learn   
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得
トク    profit   える    うる to acquire   
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意
イ    idea   
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元
ゲン   ガン   origin; original   もと origin   
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気
キ   ケ    spirit   
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川
セン   かわ river   
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冬
トウ   ふゆ winter   
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春
シュン   はる spring   
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茶
チャ   サ    tea   
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大
ダイ   タイ   おおきい big   おおいに very much   おお-    
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音
オン   イン   sound   おと    ね    
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楽
ガク   ラク    music   たのしい happy, pleasant   たのしむ to be happy   
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食
ショク   ジキ    food   たべる to eat   くう to eat   
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物
ブツ   モツ   もの thing   
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