Components
MY AVERAGE MASTERY
(for words visible)
60 partial word matches found in search '旧友が海外帰国したことを知らせる手紙をよこした。'
1
noun, prefix
ex-; former; old
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0
noun
crony; old friend
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. used item; secondhand item  (see also: 御古)
noun (prefix)
2. old; used; previous
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Most common form:
noun, 'no' adjective, adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi), noun (prefix)
former; ex-; past; one-time
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1
noun
friend; companion; comrade; pal
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particle
1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
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noun
moth
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1
foreign; abroad; overseas
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1
noun
sea; ocean; waters
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1
noun
1. outside; exterior
2. open air
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suffix
outside of; not covered by  (opposite: )
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0
Most common form:
1. other (place, thing, person); the rest
2. outside; beyond  (esp. 外; often written with kana only)
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2 1
1. another place; somewhere else; strange parts  (see also: 他所; often written with kana only)
noun
2. outside (one's family or group); those people  (often written with kana only; opposite: )
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0
return to one's country
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0
noun
1. country; state
2. region
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particle, conjunction
(at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons
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1
Most common form:
numeric
four  (肆 is used in legal documents)
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. tongue
2. tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. below; down; under; younger (e.g. daughter)
2. bottom
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. death; decease
2. death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation)  (see also: 五刑; archaic)
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0
Most common form:
noun
poem; verse of poetry
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
city
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1
Most common form:
noun (suffix), noun
history
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Most common form:
noun (suffix), counter
magazine  (see also: 雑誌; abbreviation)
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1
Most common form:
noun
official; civil service
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3
noun
kite
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auxiliary verb
1. indicate past completed or action  (see also: ; だ after certain verb forms)
2. indicates light imperative  (see also: )
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1
Most common form:
adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi), noun, 'no' adjective
other (esp. people and abstract matters)
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1
Most common form:
noun, prefix
multi-
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Most common form: タコ
noun
octopus  (often written with kana only)
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1
Most common form: タコ
callus; callosity; corn  (often written with kana only)
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2
noun
1. thing; matter  (often written with kana only)
2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis  (often written with kana only)
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particle
1. particle indicating a command  (particle always used at sentence-end)
2. particle indicating mild enthusiasm  (often as ことね; female term or language)
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Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. child
2. young (animal)  (see also: )
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1
Most common form:
counter
1. counter for articles
2. counter for military units  (usu. 個)
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. koto (13-stringed Japanese zither)
2. stringed instrument  (archaic; this meaning is restricted to reading こと)
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Most common form: っこ
suffix
1. doing; in such a state  (see also: 慣れっこ, ぺちゃんこ; abbreviation)
2. doing together; contest; match  (see also: 睨めっこ)
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1
Most common form:
noun
arc
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particle, conjunction
1. if; when
2. and
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. door (esp. Japanese-style)  (see also: )
2. shutter; window shutter
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1
Most common form:
noun
way
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Most common form:
noun
1. to (measure of volume, approx. 18 litres)  (obsolete term)
2. square bearing block (at the top of a pillar)  (see also: 枡形)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
0
particle
1. indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
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0
noun
1. news; word; tidings; notice; notification; information  (see also: お知らせ)
2. omen
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0
ichidan verb, transitive verb
to notify; to advise; to inform
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1
noun
1. wisdom
2. jnana (higher knowledge)  (Buddhist term)
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Most common form:
suffix
1. and others; and the like; and followers; et al.; pluralizing suffix  (often written with kana only)
2. or so  (see also: あちら, いくら; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
Most common form: させる
auxiliary verb, ichidan verb
1. auxiliary verb indicating the causative  (せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段, follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs, senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す)
2. auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something  (usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc.; humble)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
0
'ru' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to compete
2. to bid
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so; really; seeming  (see also: そう; regional dialect: Kansai-ben)
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. height; stature
2. back; spine  (this meaning is restricted to reading せ)
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1
noun
1. hand; arm  (see also: お手:おて; occ. pronounced た when a prefix)
2. forepaw; foreleg  (see also: お手:おて; colloquialism)
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0
letter
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2
noun
paper
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suffix, counter
newspaper  (see also: 新聞紙; abbreviation)
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1
particle
1. indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc.  (at sentence-end)
2. used when calling out to someone  (after a noun)
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. horizontal (as opposed to vertical); lying down  (see also: 横になる)
2. side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; breadth  (see also: 首を横に振る)
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings and 1 form, useful expressions, examples and links)
1
noun
used paper; paper for recycling
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. back; lower back; waist; hips; lumbar region
2. body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring  (usu. コシ)
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1
Most common form: 枯死
withering; dying
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