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Grammar detail: verb て form
My current mastery of this grammar point:
On its own, the て form of a verb can be used as a simple joining form, or as an imperative.
However, the て form is the verb form used in many other constructions, so it is a key form to learn how to make.
Formation
The て form is made from the dictionary form as follows:
| Ichidan verbs | た 食 べる (eat) | る ➜ て | た 食 べて |
み 見 る (see; look) | る ➜ て | み 見 て | |
お 起 きる (wake up) | る ➜ て | お 起 きて | |
| Godan verbs | ending in う: あ 会 う (meet) | う ➜ って | あ 会う って |
| ending in う: か 買 う (buy) | う ➜ って | か 買 って | |
| ending in つ: ま 待 つ (wait) | つ ➜ って | ま 待 って | |
| ending in る: つく 作 る (make) | る ➜ って | つく 作 って | |
| ending in く: か 書 く (write) | く ➜ いて | か 書 いて | |
| ending in く: き 聞 く (listen) | く ➜ いて | き 聞 いて | |
| ending in ぐ: およ 泳 ぐ (swim) | ぐ ➜ いで | およ 泳 いで | |
| ending in す: はな 話 す (speak) | す ➜ して | はな 話 して | |
| ending in む: よ 読 む (read) | む ➜ んで | よ 読 んで | |
| ending in ぶ: あそ 遊 ぶ (play) | ぶ ➜ んで | あそ 遊 んで | |
| ending in ぬ: し 死 ぬ (die) | ぬ ➜ んで | し 死 んで | |
| Irregular verbs | する (do) | して | |
く 来 る (come) | き 来 て | ||
い 行 く (go) | い 行 って | ||
| です (is) | で |
To create the て form, replace the た of the plain past form with て. This rule, however, does not apply to です.
See also:
Kanji used in this grammar
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