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Grammar detail: 貸す(かす) and 借りる(かりる)
貸す(かす) and 借りる(かりる) - lend and borrow
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My current mastery of this grammar:
か
す means 'lend'. The simplest structure is:(lender) + が (or は) + (borrower) + に + 貸す
For example:
か
りる means 'borrow'. The simplest structure is:(borrower) + が (or は) + (lender) + に (or から) + 借りる
For example:
か
す is commonly combined with もらう, あげる, くれる to express the idea of who is doing something on behalf of someone else:- もらる is used when the speaker is the subject, and indicates that the speaker is receiving a benefit
- あげる is used when the speaker is the subject, and indicates that the speaker is providing a benefit
- くれる indicates that the subject is providing a benefit to the other party
For example:
Me | Tanaka-san | ||
borrower | lender | 私 is the subject of もらう: I received a favor from Tanaka-san. (Note: as is typical in Japanese, 私 would not be specified as it is the implied subject) | |
borrower | lender | ||
borrower | lender | In this example, the Japanese literally means 'Tanaka-san, can I get you to lend me a book?'. In Japanese it is common to use かす where in English we would typically use かりる: 'Tanaka-san, may I borrow your book?' | |
borrower | lender / user | In Japanese, when asking politely for permission to use the bathroom, it is common to use this form, which literally means 'may I borrow the bathroom?' |
See also:
- verb て form + もらう - to have someone do something
- verb て form + くれる - receive
- verb て form + あげる - do for somebody, give
Kanji used in this grammar
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