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Grammar detail: こむ/込む compound verbs

こむ/込む compound verbs
126 words
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こ
込
む is a verb which has several useful meanings on its own - for example, it can mean 'to go / put into'; it can also mean 'to be crowded / packed'. It is very commonly added to other verbs to evoke these meanings in addition to the original meaning of the verb.
In fact, 込む is the most verb used in this way to make 'compound verbs' - there are 255! The general rule of thumb is that 込む can be added to almost any verb to 'deepen' or 'strengthen' its intent.
#####Here's an example of the first type of meaning:
か
駆
け
こ
込
む (rush into)
かれ
彼
はコートを
き
着
た
まま
へや
部屋
に
か
駆
け
こ
込
んできました
。
He rushed into the room with his coat on.
Other examples:
かれ
彼
は
たな
棚
に
ほん
本
をぎっしり
つ
詰
め
こ
込
んだ
。
He crowded the books into the shelves.
その
ねこ
猫
は
へや
部屋
の
なか
中
へ
に
逃
げ
こ
込
んだ
。
The cat ran away into the room.
#####Here's an example of the second:
ねむ
眠
り
こ
込
む (fall deeply asleep)
し
知
らない
うちに
あ
明
かり
をつけたまま
ねむ
眠
りこんでしまった
。
Without realizing, I had fallen asleep with the light left on.
Other examples:
その
りょうし
猟師
は
もり
森
の
なか
中
ふか
深
く
はい
入
り
こ
込
み
、
にど
二度
と
かえ
帰
らなかった
。
The hunter went deep into the forest, never to return.
ひこうき
飛行機
は
おお
大
きな
くも
雲
に
の
飲
み
こ
込
まれた
。
The airplane was swallowed up in the large clouds.
あ
明
け
がた
方
ちか
近
く
は
ひ
冷
え
こ
込
む
。
It gets extremely cold toward dawn.
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See also:

Words used in this grammar

こ む 1
'mu' godan verb, intransitive verb
1. to be crowded; to be packed
2. to be complex  (see also: 手の込んだ)
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings and 4 forms, examples and links)
か け こ む 0
Most common form: かけこむ
'mu' godan verb, intransitive verb
to rush in (at the last minute); to stampede
(click the word to view an additional 6 forms, examples and links)
ね む り こ む 4
Most common form: 眠りこむ
'mu' godan verb, intransitive verb
to fall asleep; to sleep deeply
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)

Kanji used in this grammar

込
crowded   こむ to be crowded   こめる to load; to include   
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駆
ク   かける to gallop, run   かる to drive, to spur on   
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眠
ミン   ねむる to sleep   ねむい sleepy   
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彼
ヒ   かれ he   
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着
チャク   ジャク   つく to arrive   つける to attach   きる to wear   きせる to make wear   
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部
ブ   part
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屋
オク   や roof   
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棚
たな shelf   
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本
ホン   book   もと origin   
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詰
キツ   つめる to cram into   つまる to be packed   つむ to be checkmated   
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猫
ビョウ   ねこ cat   
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中
チュウ   ジュウ   なか middle   
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逃
トウ   にげる    のがれる to escape   にがす    のがす to free   
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知
チ   しる to know   
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明
メイ   ミョウ   あかり light   あかるい bright   あかるむ to brighten   あからむ to become luminous (at dawn)   あきらか obvious   あかす to lay bare   あく to open   あける to empty   
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猟
リョウ    game hunting   
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師
シ    teacher; army   
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森
シン   もり forest   
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深
シン   ふかい deep   ふかめる to fill   ふかまる to deepen   
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入
ニュウ   いる to enter   はいる to enter   いれる to put in   
二
ニ   ふたつ    ふた two   
度
ド   ト   タク   degree   たび occasion, time   
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帰
キ   かえる to return   かえす to send back, give back   
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飛
ヒ   とぶ to fly   とばす to let fly   
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行
コウ   ギョウ   アン   ゆく    いく to go   おこなう to take place   
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機
キ    machine   はた loom   
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大
ダイ   タイ   おおきい big   おおいに very much   おお-    
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雲
ウン   くも cloud   
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飲
イン   のむ to drink   
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方
ホウ   かた way, direction   
近
キン   ちかい close   
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冷
レイ   つめたい cold   さめる to (become) cool   さます to (make) cool   ひや cold (sake, water)   ひえる to get chilly   ひやす to chill   ひやかす to banter   
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