Components
MY AVERAGE MASTERY
(for words visible)
119 partial word matches found in search '政府からの助成金が出ず、学界から新任者を迎えるように図ることは、ほとんど不可能な状態だった。'
1
noun
government; administration
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0
noun
rule; government
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1
noun
1. (metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto)
2. the centre or seat (of) (center)
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particle
1. from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since
2. from (originator); by
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particle
1. indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)  (was written as 歟, used at sentence-end)
2. or; whether or not  (after each alternative)
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0
Most common form:
noun
mosquito
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. lesson
2. section (in an organization); division; department
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2
emptiness; vacuum; blank
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. addition; increase
2. Canada  (see also: 加奈陀; abbreviation)
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2
Most common form:
noun
shell; husk; hull; pod; chaff
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Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. department; section; faculty; school; arm
2. course (of study); branch of study; specialization
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
Most common form:
noun
rack; mount; stand
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Most common form:
suffix
1. and others; and the like; and followers; et al.; pluralizing suffix  (often written with kana only)
2. or so  (see also: あちら, いくら; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates possessive  (see also: ; occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
1. plain; field
2. hidden (structural) member  (this meaning is restricted to reading の)
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0
assisting; assistance; fostering; aiding
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prefix
help; rescue; assistant
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0
noun
1. assistance; help; helper
2. babe; chick; broad  (colloquialism)
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0
noun
subsidy; grant-in-aid
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0
Most common form: 成り金
1. upstart; nouveau riche; new rich; coming into wealth suddenly  (derogatory)
2. piece promoted to gold general  (see also: 成る; orig. meaning; shogi term)
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0
noun
1. money  (see also: お金)
2. metal
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1
noun, noun (suffix)
1. gold (Au); golden (color); gold (medal, cup)
2. valuable; of highest value
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particle
1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
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noun
moth
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0 1
noun, noun (suffix)
1. coming out; going out; outflow; efflux; rising (of the sun or moon)
2. attending (work); appearing (on stage); one's turn to go on
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1
Nidan verb (lower class) with `dzu' ending (archaic), intransitive verb
1. to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out  (archaic; opposite: 入る)
2. to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out  (archaic)
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noun
1. coming out; emerging
2. being born into (a certain family); being a native of (a particular place)
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auxiliary verb, suffix
not doing  (see also: ; after the -nai stem of a verb)
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Most common form:
noun (suffix)
1. s (pluralizing suffix); es  (colloquialism; originally from eng)
2. 's (possessive suffix); s'; es'  (colloquialism; originally from eng)
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0
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. drawing; picture; diagram; figure; illustration; chart; graph
2. sight; scene
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1 0
suffix
1. -ology; -ics; study of ...
noun
2. learning; scholarship; erudition; knowledge
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0
noun
academic world; academia; academic circles; scientific world; learned circles
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noun
1. kingdom  (biology term)
2. erathem (rock layer corresponding to the era in which it was deposited)  (geology, etc. term)
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2
noun
1. border; boundary  (usu. さかい)
2. turning point; watershed  (often ...を境に; this meaning is restricted to reading さかい)
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noun (prefix), noun, noun (suffix)
1. new; neo-
noun
2. Gregorian calendar  (see also: 新暦; abbreviation)
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0
inaugural; new
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1
Most common form:
1. new; unused  (often written with kana only; regional dialect: Kansai-ben; this meaning is restricted to reading さら)
prefix
2. new
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new appointee
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1
noun
obligation; duty; charge; responsibility
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2
Most common form: もの
noun
person  (rarely used without a qualifier)
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noun, suffix
someone of that nature; someone doing that work
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0
particle
1. indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
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0
noun
meeting; greeting; welcome
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0
ichidan verb, transitive verb
1. to go out to meet
2. to receive; to welcome; to greet; to salute; to hail; to reach; to approach; to enter (a phase, era, etc.)
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
picture; drawing; painting; sketch
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1
Most common form: 得る
ichidan verb, transitive verb
1. to get; to earn; to acquire; to procure; to gain; to secure; to attain; to obtain; to win  (獲る esp. refers to catching wild game, etc.)
2. to understand; to comprehend
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. handle; grip
2. stalk (of a mushroom, leaf, etc.)
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1
Most common form:
noun
gathering (esp. Buddhist, festive, etc.)  (archaic)
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1
Most common form:
noun
inlet; bay
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Most common form: えぇ
interjection (kandoushi)
1. eh?; what?; oh?
2. yes; that's correct  (see also: はい)
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1
noun (suffix), noun
1. appearing ...; looking ...  (see also: 様だ; usu. after the -masu stem of a verb; often written with kana only)
2. way to ...; method of ...ing  (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings and 1 form, examples and links)
1
particle
1. indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc.  (at sentence-end)
2. used when calling out to someone  (after a noun)
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auxiliary verb
1. (I) will; (I) shall  (on non-五段 stem, e.g. 食べる→食べよう, indicates intention)
auxiliary verb
2. let's  (on non-五段 stem, indicates suggestion or invitation)
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expression
1. in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as)  (often written with kana only)
2. hoping or wishing for something  (often written with kana only)
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. task; business
2. use; duty; service
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. yang (i.e. the positive)  (opposite: )
2. the open (i.e. a visible place)  (see also: 陽に)
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1
'u' godan verb, intransitive verb
1. to get drunk; to become intoxicated
2. to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated
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auxiliary verb
1. indicates speculation  (after the imperfective form of certain verbs and adjectives)
2. indicates will
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Most common form:
noun
cormorant (Phalacrocoracidae spp.)
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particle
1. at (place, time); in; on; during
2. to (direction, state); toward; into
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1
Most common form:
numeric
two  (ふ and ふう used mainly when counting aloud. 弐, 貳 and 貮 are used in legal documents.)
(click the word to view an additional 5 forms, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
1. load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods
2. burden; responsibility
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1
Most common form:
noun
red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion
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0
noun, noun (suffix)
1. drawing; picture; diagram; figure; illustration; chart; graph
2. sight; scene
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2
'ru' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to plot; to attempt; to plan; to devise; to design
2. to take in; to deceive
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2
noun
1. thing; matter  (often written with kana only)
2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis  (often written with kana only)
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particle
1. particle indicating a command  (particle always used at sentence-end)
2. particle indicating mild enthusiasm  (often as ことね; female term or language)
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Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. child
2. young (animal)  (see also: )
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1
Most common form:
counter
1. counter for articles
2. counter for military units  (usu. 個)
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. koto (13-stringed Japanese zither)
2. stringed instrument  (archaic; this meaning is restricted to reading こと)
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Most common form: っこ
suffix
1. doing; in such a state  (see also: 慣れっこ, ぺちゃんこ; abbreviation)
2. doing together; contest; match  (see also: 睨めっこ)
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1
Most common form:
noun
arc
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particle, conjunction
1. if; when
2. and
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particle
indicates word or phrase being defined
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. door (esp. Japanese-style)  (see also: )
2. shutter; window shutter
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1
Most common form:
noun
way
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Most common form:
noun
1. to (measure of volume, approx. 18 litres)  (obsolete term)
2. square bearing block (at the top of a pillar)  (see also: 枡形)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
particle
1. topic marker particle  (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
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1
Most common form:
noun
tooth
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0
Most common form:
noun
leaf
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
clique; faction; school
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. edge (of a knife or sword)
2. prong (of an electrical plug)
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1 0
Most common form: はあ
interjection (kandoushi)
1. yes; indeed; well
2. ha!
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2
adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi), noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but; just about; almost  (often written with kana only)
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1
Most common form:
noun
sail
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. step; stride
counter
2. counter for steps
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. ear (of plant); head (of plant)
2. point; tip
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Most common form:
noun
1. shop; store
2. counter for folded maps, etc.  (see also: 畳物)
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tap; knock; bonk  (onomatopoeic or mimetic word)
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0
Most common form: どんど
noun
burning of New Year's gate decorations (usu. on the 15th day of the New Year)
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Most common form: んと
interjection (kandoushi)
1. yes; yeah; uh huh  (see also: うん)
2. huh?; what?
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Most common form:
particle
1. indicates possessive  (see also: ; occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
Most common form:
noun (prefix)
some (at the start of a number in place of a digit)
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but (archaic)
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0
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.)
counter
2. counter for occurrences and times
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Most common form:
prefix
1. precisely; exactly; plumb; totally; very much  (occ. written 度 (ateji))
2. damn; stupid; cursed
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2 1
'na' adjective, noun, noun (suffix)
1. wrong; bad; improper; unjustifiable; inadvisable
2. not allowed; not possible
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prefix
un-; non-; negative prefix
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2
impossible
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prefix
1. un-; non-
2. bad ...; poor ...
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0
potential; possible; practicable; feasible
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1
noun, noun (suffix)
passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair
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1
noun, noun (suffix)
1. talent; gift; function
2. noh (theatre)
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particle
1. (sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis
2. (used with masu stem verb) command  (from なさい; abbreviation)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 3 forms, examples and links)
0
Most common form:
noun
1. name; given name
2. title
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings and 1 form, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
1. greens; vegetables
2. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
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0
noun
current status; condition; situation; circumstances; state
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1 0
noun, noun (suffix)
1. shape; state  (see also: 帯状)
2. letter; correspondence  (see also: 招待状)
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2
Most common form:
suffix
1. Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; Ms.  (after a person's name (or position, etc.); honorific)
2. makes words more polite (usu. in fixed expressions)  (see also: お粗末さまでした; usu. after a noun or na-adjective prefixed with お- or ご-; polite (teineigo) language)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 3 forms, examples and links)
1
Most common form: たい
noun, noun (suffix)
1. condition; figure; appearance
2. voice  (see also: ボイス; linguistics terminology)
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2
Most common form:
noun
1. mess; sorry state; plight; sad sight  (derogatory; often written with kana only)
suffix
2. -ways; -wards  (indicates direction)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
appearance; air; condition; state; form
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
Most common form:
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state  (see also: なりに; often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
0
copula
1. be; is  (see also: である, です; plain copula)
auxiliary verb
2. indicates past or completed action  (see also: ; た after certain verb forms)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
expression
was  (see also: ; past tense of plain copula)
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auxiliary verb
1. indicate past completed or action  (see also: ; だ after certain verb forms)
2. indicates light imperative  (see also: )
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1
Most common form:
adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi), noun, 'no' adjective
other (esp. people and abstract matters)
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1
Most common form:
noun, prefix
multi-
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
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