Components
MY AVERAGE MASTERY
(for words visible)
105 partial word matches found in search '都会は郊外よりも暖かく、夜でも明るくて物をしっかりと見ていられるので、カラスは東京を好む。'
0
noun
capital; metropolis
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0
1. city
noun
2. Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly  (see also: 都議会; abbreviation)
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1
metropolitan; municipal
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1
noun
gathering (esp. Buddhist, festive, etc.)  (archaic)
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1
noun, noun (suffix)
1. meeting; assembly; party
2. association; club
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particle
1. topic marker particle  (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
tooth
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0
Most common form:
noun
leaf
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
clique; faction; school
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. edge (of a knife or sword)
2. prong (of an electrical plug)
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1 0
Most common form: はあ
interjection (kandoushi)
1. yes; indeed; well
2. ha!
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1
suburb; outskirts
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1
noun
1. outside; exterior
2. open air
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suffix
outside of; not covered by  (opposite: )
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0
Most common form:
1. other (place, thing, person); the rest
2. outside; beyond  (esp. 外; often written with kana only)
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2 1
1. another place; somewhere else; strange parts  (see also: 他所; often written with kana only)
noun
2. outside (one's family or group); those people  (often written with kana only; opposite: )
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 3 forms, examples and links)
0
particle
1. than
2. from; out of; since; at; on
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1
particle
1. indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc.  (at sentence-end)
2. used when calling out to someone  (after a noun)
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expression
1. in comparison to  (see also: より; emphatic form of より)
2. rather than
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Most common form:
noun
1. reason; principle; logic
2. general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon)  (see also: ; Buddhist term)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
1. Japanese league; ri; old Japanese unit of distance, approx. 3.927km or 2.44 miles
2. neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes)  (see also: 郷里制, 国郡里制)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
advantage; benefit; profit; interest
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particle
1. too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)
2. both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence)  (as AもBも)
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0
Most common form:
algae; waterweed; seaweed; duckweed
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3 2
warm; mild; genial  (see also: 暖かい)
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1
noun
warming; warmth
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particle
1. indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)  (was written as 歟, used at sentence-end)
2. or; whether or not  (after each alternative)
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'ku' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to scratch  (often written with kana only)
2. to perspire  (see also: 汗をかく)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 2 forms, useful expressions, examples and links)
1
Most common form: 書く
'ku' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to write; to compose; to pen
2. to draw; to paint  (see also: 描く)
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0
Most common form:
noun
mosquito
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. lesson
2. section (in an organization); division; department
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
2 1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. angle
2. square (or cube)
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings and 1 form, examples and links)
1
Most common form:
noun
1. addition; increase
2. Canada  (see also: 加奈陀; abbreviation)
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0 2
'ku' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to chip; to nick; to break; to crack
2. to lack
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0 2
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. status; position; rank
noun
2. method; way; style
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Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. department; section; faculty; school; arm
2. course (of study); branch of study; specialization
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1
1. pit (of a fruit); stone
2. core
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2
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix), counter
1. stroke (of a kanji, etc.)
2. draw (a character)
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Most common form:
noun
rack; mount; stand
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Most common form:
prefix
each; every; all
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1 0
Most common form:
numeric
nine  (玖 is used in legal documents)
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1
Most common form:
noun
ward; district; section
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. section (i.e. of text); sentence; passage; paragraph
2. phrase  (linguistics terminology)
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1
adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi), noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)
evening; night
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counter for nights  (after numbers in the ichi, ni, san counting system)
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1
conjunction
1. but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so
particle
2. even
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particle
1. indicates location of action; at; in  (にて is the formal literary form)
2. indicates time of action
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0 1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. coming out; going out; outflow; efflux; rising (of the sun or moon)
2. attending (work); appearing (on stage); one's turn to go on
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1
noun
Ming (dynasty of China, 1368-1644)
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1
noun
1. brightness
2. clarity; acumen
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1
noun
1. vidya (wisdom)  (Buddhist term)
2. mantra  (see also: 真言)
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'ru' godan verb, intransitive verb
to become bright; to become clear
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Most common form:
1. clearly; brightly  (archaic)
2. cleanly; purely
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auxiliary
indicates continuing action  (see also: ; で after certain verb forms)
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. hand; arm  (see also: お手; occ. pronounced た when a prefix)
2. forepaw; foreleg  (see also: お手; colloquialism)
(click the word to view an additional 11 meanings and 1 form, useful expressions, examples and links)
Most common form: って
particle
1. casual quoting particle  (see also: ; abbr. for と, というのは and other similar combinations)
2. indicates supposition; if ... then
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noun
1. stock; products
2. stolen goods; loot; spoils  (often written with kana only; slang)
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
3 2 0
Most common form: もの
noun
1. thing; object; article; stuff; substance
2. one's things; possessions; property; belongings  (as 〜のもの, 〜のもん)
(click the word to view an additional 1 reading, 8 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
0
particle
1. indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
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3
1. tightly (holding on); firmly; securely  (often written with kana only; onomatopoeic or mimetic word)
2. strongly (built); solidly; sturdily; steadily  (often written with kana only; onomatopoeic or mimetic word)
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particle, conjunction
(at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons
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1
Most common form:
numeric
four  (肆 is used in legal documents)
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
1. death; decease
2. death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation)  (see also: 五刑; archaic)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
0
Most common form:
noun
poem; verse of poetry
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
city
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1
Most common form:
noun (suffix), noun
history
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Most common form:
noun (suffix), counter
magazine  (see also: 雑誌; abbreviation)
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1
Most common form:
noun
official; civil service
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0
Most common form: 失火
1. accidental fire; fire caused by negligence
2. misfire; failure to ignite
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0
Most common form:
1. temporary; provisional; interim
2. fictitious; assumed (name); alias
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1
Most common form: 狩り
noun
1. hunting
noun, noun (suffix)
2. harvesting (e.g. berries, fruit); picking; gathering
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0
Most common form: 借り
noun
borrowing; debt; loan
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particle, conjunction
1. if; when
2. and
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. door (esp. Japanese-style)  (see also: )
2. shutter; window shutter
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1
Most common form:
noun
way
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Most common form:
noun
1. to (measure of volume, approx. 18 litres)  (obsolete term)
2. square bearing block (at the top of a pillar)  (see also: 枡形)
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noun (suffix), noun
looking; viewing
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1
noun
view (of life, etc.); outlook
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particle
strengthens a question, assertion, etc.  (see also: かい, ぞい, だい, わい; familiar language)
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0
Most common form:
noun
1. stomach
2. Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)  (see also: 胃宿, 白虎; astronomy, etc. term)
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
Most common form:
noun
well
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1
Most common form:
noun, noun (suffix)
medicine; the healing art; healing; curing; doctor
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Most common form:
greatness
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Most common form:
counter
1. rank; place (e.g. first place)
2. decimal place
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
auxiliary verb, ichidan verb
1. indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive")  (see also: 未然形, 迷惑の受身; れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs)
2. indicates the potential form  (see also: ら抜き言葉; no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings, examples and links)
Most common form:
suffix
1. and others; and the like; and followers; et al.; pluralizing suffix  (often written with kana only)
2. or so  (see also: あちら, いくら; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
Most common form: られる
auxiliary verb, ichidan verb
1. indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive")  (see also: 未然形, 迷惑の受身; れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs)
2. indicates the potential form  (see also: ら抜き言葉; no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates possessive  (see also: ; occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
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0
particle
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ....; given that...
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1
Most common form:
noun
1. plain; field
2. hidden (structural) member  (this meaning is restricted to reading の)
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noun
Chinese puffer (Takifugu chinensis)  (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
1
noun
crow (Corvus spp.); raven  (often written with kana only)
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1
Most common form:
counter
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); a noun read using its on-yomi
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1
noun
1. lath
2. lass
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1
noun
la; 6th note in the tonic solfa representation of the diatonic scale
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0
noun
east
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0
noun
Tokyo
(click the word for examples and links)
1
Most common form: 吾妻
noun
1. eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); eastern provinces  (archaic)
2. east  (archaic)
(click the word to view an additional 1 reading, 2 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
1
noun
1. imperial capital (esp. Kyoto)  (this meaning is restricted to reading きょう)
2. final word of an iroha-uta  (see also: 伊呂波歌; this meaning is restricted to reading きょう)
(click the word to view an additional 1 reading and 1 meaning, examples and links)
0
Most common form:
noun
capital; metropolis
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2
'mu' godan verb, transitive verb
to like; to prefer
(click the word for examples and links)
1
prefix
good
(click the word for examples and links)
1 3
Most common form: よしみ
noun
friendship; friendly relations; connection; relation; intimacy  (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 reading and 4 forms, examples and links)
interjection (kandoushi)
1. unh (sound of physical exertion); oof  (archaic)
2. wow; whoa
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings, examples and links)
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