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Grammar detail: colloquial variations of Japanese
colloquial variations of Japanese
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My current mastery of this grammar point:
In daily use, many Japanese constructions are contracted or simplified, especially in the spoken language. For example:
てしまう ➜ ちゃう
ては ➜ ちゃ
〜ている ➜ 〜てる (colloquial progressive)
ている・ておる ➜ 〜ちょる (regional colloquial progressive)
The form ちょる is used instead of ている. Usually it is added to the stem (つけちょる), but in historical dialect it was sometimes added to the plain form (いうちょる). This form is actually a contraction of ておる.
〜ていない ➜ 〜てない (negative colloquial progressive)
〜られる ➜ 〜れる (らぬ抜きことば言葉 - ranuki kotoba, used in potential forms)
なくてはいけない ➜ なくちゃ
have to do
なければ ➜ なきゃ or なけりゃ
かもしれない ➜ かも
The common word かもしれない (meaning 'probably is', or 'is probably the case') is often shortened to just かも colloquially.
という ➜ って
casual version of という
は ➜ って
って can also be used as a substitute for は (or というのは) at the end of a sentence. For example:
の to indicate a question
question or emphasis
れは, れば, りは, りや ➜ りゃ
colloquial contraction of りは / りや and れは / れば
な as shortened imperative
Sometimes なさい is shortened to simply な as a rough (but not rude) imperative.
Particle omission
In colloquial Japanese, particles such as は and が are often left out. For example:
In standard Japanese, the second sentence would be
わたし
私
はこういうのがだいす
大好
き。のうち家 ➜ んち
Sometimes the ん will also be omitted:
ていって ➜ てって
colloquial contraction of ていって
ていく ➜ てく
More generally, any form of the ていく construction can be shortened colloquially to the equivalent form without the い, eg てく.
ておく ➜ とく
The おく form of a verb (put in place) is sometimes contracted to とく.
See also:
Kanji used in this grammar
セイ ショウ life なま raw いかす to enliven いきる to live いける to arrange flowers うまれる to be born うむ to give birth to き pure, undiluted おう to grow, to sprout はえる to grow, to sprout はやす to grow, cultivate
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