The form ちょる is used instead of ている. Usually it is added to the stem (つけちょる), but in historical dialect it was sometimes added to the plain form (いうちょる). This form is actually a contraction of ておる, which is a colloquial form of ている used most commonly in various western regions (such as Kansai, Nagoya and Kyushu).

〜ていない ➜ 〜てない (negative colloquial progressive)

ひょうじょう

表情

ということがまるでできてない。

It’s as though you’re unable to show any expression.

〜られる ➜ 〜れる (ら
ぬ
抜
き
ことば
言葉
- ranuki kotoba, used in potential forms)

ら抜き言葉（ranuki kotoba) ら抜き言葉（ranuki kotoba)

は

のカキは

べれますか。

Can you eat raw oysters?

〜せられる ➜ 〜される (godan verbs - causative-passive form)

しか

ないのに、この

いドレスを

っちゃうよ。

I'm so annoyed I've been made to buy this expensive dress I'm only ever going to wear once.

A detailed explanation about the colloquial form of the 'causative passive' is included at the end of our article on 'verb causative passive'.

verb causative passive (させられる) form verb causative passive (させられる) form

- is made to happen

なくてはいけない ➜ なくちゃ

verb なくて form + はいけません verb なくて form + はいけません

have to do

なければ ➜ なきゃ or なけりゃ

ば conditional form ば conditional form

かもしれない ➜ かも

The common word かもしれない (meaning 'probably is', or 'is probably the case') is often shortened to just かも colloquially.

という ➜ って

ってって

casual version of という

は ➜ って

って can also be used as a substitute for は (or というのは) at the end of a sentence. For example:

みき

美希

ちゃんって？

Who's Miki?

「

よろい

鎧

」って？

What is 'armor'?

の to indicate a question

sentence ending particle の sentence ending particle の

question or emphasis

れは, れば, りは, りや ➜ りゃ

りゃりゃ

colloquial contraction of りは / りや and れは / れば

な as shortened imperative

Sometimes なさい is shortened to simply な as a rough (but not rude) imperative.

よく

おぼ

覚

えておきな。

Remember it well!

Particle omission

In colloquial Japanese, particles such as は and が are often left out. For example:

そんなことないわ。

き。

That's not true at all. I love things like this.

Source: 世界の終りとハードボイルド・ワンダーランド（村上春樹）

In standard Japanese, the second sentence would be

わたし

私

はこういうのが

だいす

大好

き。

の
うち
家
➜ んち

お

んちに

きたいなぁ。

I wanna go to your place ...

Sometimes the ん will also be omitted:

はその

さんちでとまった。

He lodged at Mr Kato's for the night.

ていって ➜ てって

The て form of the ていく construction is often shortened to てって. See:

てっててって

colloquial contraction of ていって

ていく ➜ てく

More generally, any form of the ていく construction can be shortened colloquially to the equivalent form without the い, eg てく. See:

てくてく

colloquial contraction of ていく

　ておく ➜ とく

The おく form of a verb (put in place) is sometimes contracted to とく.

うまーくまとまってるブログをのっけときますんで

よ

読

んでみてください。

I've put up a blog post that summarizes it really well so try reading that.

In the past form, 〜ておいた would become 〜といた.

　ておいてくれる ➜ とくれ

The ておく (put in place) form together with the てくれる form is sometimes shortened even further. This is a colloquial way to make a casual request, as in for example:

お

れとくれ。

Put the kettle on, would you.

This form is very abrupt, and could easily be considered rude, so it is generally best avoided in your own speech!

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Kanji used in this grammar

・

なかぐろ middle dot

抜

バツぬく to extract, pull out ぬける to come / fall out; be omitted ぬかす to omit ぬかる to make a blunder