Japanese vocabulary in the Routledge 5000 frequency list
Routlege 5000 Vocab 1-100
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particle
1. at (place, time); in; on; during2. to (direction, state); toward; into
(click the word to view an additional 7 meanings, examples and links)
particle
1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates direct object of action2. indicates subject of causative expression
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
particle, conjunction
1. if; when2. and
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings, examples and links)
particle
1. too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)2. both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) (as ＡもＢも)
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates location of action; at; in (にて is the formal literary form)2. indicates time of action
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings, examples and links)
Most common form: ている
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
indicates continuing action or state (e.g. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing) (from ..て or で plus いる; colloquialism)(click the word to view an additional 2 forms, examples and links)
Most common form: られる
auxiliary verb, ichidan verb
1. indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive") (see also: 未然形, 迷惑の受身; れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs)2. indicates the potential form (see also: ら抜き言葉; no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings, examples and links)
expression
1. called; named (often written with kana only)2. as many as; as much as (after a quantity; often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
Most common form: 通
'na' adjective, noun (suffix)
1. connoisseur; authoritycounter
2. counter for letters, notes, documents, etc.(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
interjection (kandoushi)
1. yes; that is correct; right2. um; errr
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings and 1 form, examples and links)
1. to say; to utter; to declare
2. to name; to call
(click the word to view an additional 1 reading, 1 meaning and 4 forms, useful expressions, examples and links)
interjection (kandoushi)
say; well; errr ...(click the word to view an additional 2 forms, examples and links)
irregular 'ru' godan verb, intransitive verb
1. to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to exist; to live (see also: 居る; often written with kana only)2. to have (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation, etc.; is it so (at sentence end)interjection (kandoushi)
2. hey; come on; listen(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 4 forms, examples and links)
auxiliary adjective
1. not (verb-negating suffix, may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation)(click the word for useful expressions, examples and links)
'ru' godan verb, intransitive verb
1. to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain (often written with kana only)2. to result in; to prove to be
(click the word to view an additional 6 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical) (was written as 歟, used at sentence-end)2. or; whether or not (after each alternative)
(click the word to view an additional 5 meanings, examples and links)
1. that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener); the (see also: 何の, 此の, 其れ, 彼の; often written with kana only)
interjection (kandoushi)
2. um...; er...; uh...(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
particle
1. from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since2. from (originator); by
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings, examples and links)
auxiliary verb
1. (I) will; (I) shall (on non-五段 stem, e.g. 食べる→食べよう, indicates intention)auxiliary verb
2. let's (on non-五段 stem, indicates suggestion or invitation)(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
'u' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to think; to consider; to believe (想う has connotations of heart-felt)2. to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
(click the word to view an additional 5 meanings and 6 forms, useful expressions, examples and links)
1. in that way (concerning the actions of the listener or concerning the ideas expressed or understood by the listener; with a neg. sentence, implies that something isn't as much as one might think); thus; such (see also: 斯う, ああ, 如何; often written with kana only)
interjection (kandoushi)
2. so (used to express agreement with something said) (often written with kana only)(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 1 form, examples and links)
pronoun, 'no' adjective
1. what(click the word to view an additional 1 reading, 4 meanings and 3 forms, examples and links)
pronoun, 'no' adjective
1. I; menoun, 'no' adjective
2. private affairs; personal matter; secrecy (this meaning is restricted to reading わたくし)(click the word to view an additional 1 reading, 1 meaning and 2 forms, examples and links)
'u' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to finish; to stop; to end; to put an end to; to bring to a close (often written with kana only)2. to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to shut down; to shut up (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings and 4 forms, examples and links)
pronoun, 'no' adjective
1. that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind); it (see also: 何れ, 此れ, 彼・あれ; often written with kana only)2. that time; then
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings and 3 forms, examples and links)
particle, conjunction
among other things; such things as; or something like that(click the word for examples and links)
Most common form: ない
2. unpossessed; unowned; not had
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings, examples and links)
irregular godan verb 'iku/yuku', intransitive verb
1. to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to head (towards); to be transported (towards); to reach (see also: 来る)2. to proceed; to take place (see also: 旨く行く; い sometimes omitted in auxiliary use)
(click the word to view an additional 1 reading, 8 meanings and 4 forms, useful expressions, examples and links)
Most common form: させる
auxiliary verb, ichidan verb
1. auxiliary verb indicating the causative (せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段, follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs, senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す)2. auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something (usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc.; humble)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
pronoun
1. this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) (see also: 何れ, 其れ, 彼:あれ; often written with kana only)2. this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) (humble)
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings and 7 forms, examples and links)
particle
1. (sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis2. (used with masu stem verb) command (from なさい; abbreviation)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 3 forms, examples and links)
particle
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ....; given that...(click the word for examples and links)
noun
1. man; person2. human being; mankind; people
(click the word to view an additional 5 meanings and 2 forms, useful expressions, examples and links)
particle
1. indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc. (at sentence-end)2. used when calling out to someone (after a noun)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings, examples and links)
1. in this way (used for something or someone close to the speaker, including the speaker himself, or for the opinions of the speaker); thus; such (see also: 然う, ああ, 如何; often written with kana only)
interjection (kandoushi)
2. uh... (interjection used as a verbal pause) (often written with kana only)(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
particle
1. if ... then; when2. and (often ...も...ば...も...)
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings, examples and links)
Most common form: くる
irregular verb くる, intransitive verb
1. to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arriveirregular verb くる, intransitive verb, auxiliary verb
2. to come back; to do ... and come back (see also: 行って来る)(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
ichidan verb, transitive verb
1. to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe2. to look over; to look on; to assess; to examine; to judge (see also: 診る)
(click the word to view an additional 4 meanings and 3 forms, useful expressions, examples and links)
particle
1. -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going") (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs)2. (used adverbially) doing such things as...
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings, examples and links)
adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi), noun
now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately; (one) more(click the word for examples and links)
1. good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable (also いい (all senses); often written with kana only)
2. sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer); ready; prepared
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings and 6 forms, examples and links)
2. sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer); ready; prepared (see also: 良い)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings and 1 form, examples and links)
noun, suffix
1. place; spot; scene; site (also pronounced どころ when a suffix)2. address (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 reading, 9 meanings and 4 forms, examples and links)
pronoun, 'no' adjective
1. myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself2. I; me
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
interjection (kandoushi)
1. Ah!; Oh!; Alas! (also written as 於乎, 於戯, 嗟乎, 嗟夫, 吁, etc.; often written with kana only)2. Yes; Indeed; That is correct (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings and 7 forms, examples and links)
1. as expected; sure enough; just as one thought (see also: やっぱり; often written with kana only)
2. after all (is said and done); in the end; as one would expect; in any case (see also: やっぱり; often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
auxiliary adjective
1. want to ... do something; would like to ... (after the -masu stem of a verb)particle
2. indicates emphasis (at sentence-end; regional dialect: Kyuushuu-ben)(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
'ru' godan verb, transitive verb
1. to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study (see also: 為る; often written with kana only; colloquialism)2. to send; to dispatch; to despatch (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 14 meanings and 2 forms, examples and links)
noun
1. inside; in2. among; within
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings, useful expressions, examples and links)
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1. to be (of animate objects); to exist (see also: 在る; often written with kana only)2. to stay (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 2 forms, examples and links)
Most common form: できる
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1. to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task (often written with kana only)2. to be ready; to be completed (often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 3 forms, examples and links)
particle
1. et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth (often written with kana only)2. or something (after an approximate quote or vague suggestion; often written with kana only)
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning and 2 forms, examples and links)
expression
1. as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of)2. apart from... (used to change the topic)
(click the word to view an additional 2 meanings, examples and links)
suffix, particle
1. approximately; about; around; or so (also written as 位)2. to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; so ... that ...; at least
(click the word to view an additional 1 meaning, examples and links)
expression, 'i' adjective
is not; am not; are not (often written with kana only)(click the word to view an additional 1 form, examples and links)
noun
1. direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)2. side (of an argument, etc.); one's part
(click the word to view an additional 5 meanings, examples and links)
irregular godan verb 'iku/yuku', auxiliary verb
to continue (from ..て or で plus 行く; colloquialism)(click the word for examples and links)
particle
indicates direction or goal (e.g. "to") (pronounced え in modern Japanese)(click the word for examples and links)
particle, conjunction
(at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons(click the word for examples and links)
'no' adjective, 'na' adjective, adverb, noun
1. truth; reality; actuality; fact2. proper; right; correct; official
(click the word to view an additional 3 readings, 1 meaning and 5 forms, examples and links)
1. to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
2. to possess; to have; to own
(click the word to view an additional 3 meanings, useful expressions, examples and links)
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
1. to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out (opposite: 入る)2. to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
(click the word to view an additional 18 meanings, useful expressions, examples and links)
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